excel+courses - What is absolute referencing

Dear Toulla

Thank you for attending Excel course.

Understanding the importance of Relative (Changing or Variable) and Absolute (Fixed or Constant) is crucial especially when you are want to copy and paste (known as replicating) formulae and functions.


Please refer to the excel file that I have uploaded with this post:

The function in cell B5: =SUM(B2:B4)

Trick: You can also use Alt + = to perform Autosum

By using the Fill Handle ( A little dark square at the bottom right corner of the cell) you can replicate ( Copy and Paste) the function to the other cells to get totals of the other months.

Tip: CTRL + ` is the shortcut key combination that allows you to be in Formulae view.

The reason why the correct results appear on the resulting cells is because of relative referencing which means the cells automatically change in the formula to reflect the